Can the oils used in baseball glove conditioners turn rancid? How is the potential for rancidity measured?

As a chemist would explain, the iodine index measures the potential of oils going rancid when used on baseball gloves. Included is information about potential health effects and list some common oils used on baseball gloves along with their associated iodine index values.

When oils are exposed to oxygen in the air, they can undergo a process of oxidation. Oxidation can be accelerated by factors such as heat and light — think warm sunny day.  Oxidation leads to the formation of highly reactive free radicals, which can damage the oil and cause it to go rancid. Rancidity refers to the development of off-flavors, odors, and the degradation of the oil's nutritional value to the point that it can make a person feel ill. 

Technically, the iodine index is a measure of the degree of unsaturation in a fatty acid or oil. Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds in their carbon chains, which make them more prone to oxidation. The iodine index quantifies the number of double bonds present in the fatty acids or oil.

In the context of baseball gloves, oils are used to condition and preserve the leather. The natural oils in the leather can gradually dry out and deteriorate over time, leading to stiffness and cracking. Conditioning oils are applied to replenish the lost moisture and maintain the flexibility and durability of the leather. However, if the oil used has a high iodine index, it indicates a higher level of unsaturation and greater susceptibility to oxidation/rancidity.

When an oil with a high iodine index is applied to a baseball glove, it can oxidize more readily upon exposure to air and sunlight as happens throughout the baseball season. This oxidation process can lead to the formation of undesirable compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, and peroxides, which contribute to the rancid odor and health concerns. The glove may become sticky, greasy, or develop a foul smell, making it less pleasant to use.

Moreover, from a health perspective, rancid oils can have adverse effects. Consuming rancid oils can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Inhaling the unpleasant odors from rancid oils may also cause respiratory irritation and discomfort.  The greatest concern is with children.  If you watch a child with a glove in their hand during slow times of a game, they often put the glove to their mouth.  If the oils used to condition the glove have gone rancid, it could make the child sick.

Here are some commonly used oils on baseball gloves, along with their associated iodine index values:

1. Neatsfoot Oil: Iodine Index around 84-88

2. Mink Oil: Iodine Index around 87-91

3. Lanolin Oil: Iodine Index around 88-92

4. Coconut Oil: Iodine Index around 10-20

5. Olive Oil: Iodine Index around 75-94

6. Almond Oil: Iodine Index around 93-105

7. Mitt-Spit Glove Oil: Iodine Index of around <1-1

Clearly, the safest Glove Oil is the one with the lowest Iodine Index - Mitt-Spit Glove Oil. It's important to note that these values may vary slightly depending on the specific brand or source of the oil. Choosing an oil with a lower iodine index generally indicates a lower susceptibility to oxidation and a reduced risk of rancidity.

When selecting oils for conditioning baseball gloves, it's recommended to opt for oils with lower iodine index values to minimize the chances of rancidity and ensure the longevity of the glove's leather.

What's the Iodine Index and why is it important

We know it’s important to properly apply oil or conditioners to leather.  What’s also important to know which oils are good for leather and which can go rancid. Have you ever heard of the iodine index? This measurement is used to determine the potential for rancidity in oils, which is an important factor to consider for health reasons.

The iodine index, sometimes called the iodine value, is a measure of the unsaturated fatty acids present in an oil which determines the oil’s potential for rancidity. Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds between carbon atoms, which can become rancid when exposed to oxygen and heat. The iodine index is determined by adding iodine to the oil, which reacts with the double bonds to form a complex that can be measured.

The higher the iodine index, the more unsaturated fatty acids are present in the oil. This means that the oil is more susceptible to oxidation, which leads to rancidity. Rancidity is characterized by a stale, unpleasant, unhealthy odor.  I’m sure you’ve seen young boys and girls standing in the outfield totally bored and literally putting their mitt in their mouth.

Different oils have different iodine indexes, depending on their composition. For example, coconut oil has a very low iodine index of around 10, which means it contains mostly saturated fatty acids and is less prone to rancidity. On the other hand, soybean oil has an iodine index of around 130, indicating that it is high in unsaturated fatty acids and more prone to rancidity. 

It's important to note that not all unsaturated fatty acids (oils) are created equal. Neat’s-foot oil has a value of about 72.  Mink oil runs about 88.  Mitt-Spit Glove Oil has an iodine index of about 1.  Making Mitt-Spit Glove Oil by far the safest to use to prevent rancidity.

The iodine index is an important measurement for assessing the potential for rancidity in oils. Oils high in unsaturated fatty acids are more susceptible to oxidation, which leads to rancidity. By choosing oils with lower iodine indexes, we can reduce the risk of rancidity and enjoy healthier lifestyle.

Mink, Neatsfoot or Olive Oil on Baseball Gloves --- Here's Why Not.

Mink oil comes from the skin of a mink.   Neatsfoot come from the hoof of a cow and other animals. Olive oil from, well olives. Animal or vegetable oils are never good for leather because of the potential of rancidity.  The oil can turn rancid.

To understand why, here's a short chemistry lesson.   There are two ends of the animal or vegetable oil spectrum: There is Saturated oils on one end and Unsaturated oils on the other.   Saturated oils are really stable, whereas unsaturated oils can be unstable.

There is a scientific method for testing this.  It’s called the Iodine Value (sometimes referred to as Iodine Index).  The higher the iodine value of an oil, the less stable it is, which means more sensitive to oxidation.   Simply put, the more likely to go rancid.  

The Iodine Value of mink oil is between 80 and 95.  Neatsfoot oil runs between 69 - 75. Olive oil is way up there as well at around 85. These are pretty far up that scale. Mitt-Spit glove oil is about 1. The same low rancidity potential exists for Mitt-Spit Break-in. That means virtually no chance of rancidity with Mitt-Spit products.

Mink, olive and neatsfoot oils all have fairly high Iodine Values.  There are 3 other factors necessary.  Exposure to air (oxygen), heat and light. This is why olive oil bottles are generally green (not clear glass), are stored with the cap on tight and supposed to be stored in a dark cool place.

Your baseball glove however is outside in the sun, exposed to air and gets plenty warm.  So your mitt is exposed to all three factors: Air, Heat and Light.  If it's loaded with olive, mink or neatsfoot oil, It doesn't take long for the oil in the glove to go rancid. What does this mean to you?  Anything going rancid in the leather will help deteriorate that leather.  It will make your glove smell and is generally unhealthy. Yuk!

Mitt-Spit products on the other hand is made from an oil that is often found in cosmetics, or even as a food additive.  It's very safe for your mitt too.  As mentioned, Mitt-Spit glove oil and Mitt-Spit Break-in have an iodine value of about 1.  For the sake of your glove,use Mitt-Spit products. If you invest in the correct care products, you’ll never be sorry. Go here to buy Mitt-Spit Products.

Does glove oil plug up the pores of baseball glove leather?

There is a lot written on the internet about baseball glove care.  Much of it is wrong, for example, the clogging of leather pores with conditioning agents.  The general theme is that the "conditioner" blocks the ability of the leather to breath.  So let's take a look at the science of it.  

To answer the question directly --- the right glove oil chemistry does not clog leather pores.  However, a heavy, viscous chemistry can.  For example, Vaseline slathered across a piece of leather will NOT soak in, but just sit on the surface.  All it does is add weight to the glove and block the leather (skin) from breathing.  So,  you end up with a greasy, gloppy mess that does in fact block pores.

A good starting point is to ask: Why does leather need regular glove oil anyway?

Here's some background:  Leather has natural moisturizing agents that have been infused into the leather at the tannery.  This is what makes the leather pliable, not stiff as wood.  A average of 25% of the leather's mass is moisture.  Because leather is porous, it breathes.  So, it loses moisture through evaporation.  As leather loses moisture, it stiffens and actually can shrink (loses mass).  Therefore, it's important for the long term life of glove leather, to keep the leather moisture content at the proper level.  This is accomplished by using a properly chemically engineered glove oil.

What then is the right chemistry for a leather glove?  

A baseball glove oil should have the following attributes:

1.  A softening agent that the leather will absorb is essential.  If it doesn't soak in then it's useless. The glove oil should be absorbed deeply, migrate into the internal leather fibers, not just the surface.

2. Baseball glove oil should be engineered specifically for baseball glove leather, not cross marketed from other intended uses.  There are many different types of leather.  How the leather is tanned (processed) at a tannery determines its characteristics.  The products developed for treating that leather, once in the hands of a consumer, should take that into consideration.

3. It should be made with quality ingredients that will have long lasting, positive effects on leather.

4. Glove oil should be pH balanced to the leather.  If it isn't, then it can actually be harmful, (i.e. saddle soap) break down the leather, shortening the life of the leather.  More on this point in another post.

5. It should be easy to apply and creamy in texture so you can see it as you apply it.  

6. It should NOT leave a sticky or oily residue on the leather.

7. A thin coating of glove oil should dissipate into the leather rapidly.

8. It should leave a smooth, leather-like feel to the glove after it has been applied.

9. It should have a pleasant, new leather aroma. 

These are the attributes Advanced Leather Solutions engineered into Mitt-Spit Glove oil.  With 35 years experience working with leather as a leather restoration company, Advanced Leather Solutions know what's good for leather and what can be harmful.  We understand the chemical engineering behind quality leather care products and have applied this knowledge to Mitt-Spit Solutions, a whole class of products that you can count on for the long term vitality of your baseball glove. Go to Mitt-Spit Products to buy the correct products for your glove.

Prepare Your Glove for the Off-Season

Fall is here in the United States.  It’s time to think about doing what’s best to prepare your glove for its winter “hibernation.”  Here are some tips.

1      After a season’s use, it’s a good idea to give your glove a thorough cleaning.  With the Mitt-Spit glove cleaner, generously apply to all surfaces.  If you have the Mitt-Spit cleaning glove, use it.  It’s an excellent way to apply the cleaner as it gives you good finger dexterity to get into all the nook and crannies.  Let the cleaner sit on the glove for a minute or two.  Then, use a soft dry cloth to wipe away to soapy residue.  This will remove the potential for mold or mildew developing.  The Mitt-Split cleaning glove can be reused many times over.  Simply throw it into the washing machine and it will be ready for next season.

2      Apply Mitt-Spit Glove Oil to the glove using a soft cloth, like a micro-fiber towel.  A light coating is all that is necessary.  Be sure to use the right oil.  Products like mink oil or coconut oil have a potential for turning rancid --- Yuck!  Mitt-Spit glove oil will not turn rancid.

3      Put a baseball into the glove pocket and wrap the glove in a soft cloth, or cloth bag. Lightly secure with a rubber-band or the like.

4      Store the glove in a location which is protected from freezing.  So that means, keep the glove indoors for the winter in the northern states.  An inside closet works great.

Do this and your glove with sleep well all winter long and when spring season comes along, you’ll be ready to play ball with a glove the looks and feel fresh and supple. Go to Mitt-Spit Products to buy the correct products for your glove.

Baseball Glove Gurus Love Mitt-Spit

Had a nice conversation with Walt H. of Mobile, AL.  He is semi-retired, spending his time now repairing and restoring baseball gloves.  Walt lives in the sports crazed capital of America, Mobile, AL area where more professional baseball and football players come from per capita than any other place in the country.  People from the Mobile area are serious about baseball.

In one specific instance, Walt has a decades old glove that was heavily soiled and hadn't been conditioned in about forever.  He used the Mitt-Spit system of cleaning and conditioning and reported back that it worked wonders.  He said it was just like what we show in our video demonstration.  Walt is a repeat customer who ordered another full bundle of the Mitt-Spit Cleaner, Conditioner (glove oil) and Break-in products.  It's nice to hear from people who have a passion for what they do and want to use the best baseball glove care system for their work.  Thanks Walt for being a great customer.

If you've used Mitt-Spit products on your glove, we'd love the hear from you.   If you haven't tried Mitt-Spit yet, do your glove a favor.  Join the ranks of satisfied customers.  It's easy.  Place your order today! Go to Mitt-Spit Products to buy.